Polymers in Medicine

Polim. Med.
Scopus CiteScore: 3.5 (CiteScore Tracker 3.6)
Index Copernicus (ICV 2023) – 121.14
MEiN – 70
ISSN 0370-0747 (print)
ISSN 2451-2699 (online) 
Periodicity – biannual

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Polymers in Medicine

2014, vol. 44, nr 4, October-December, p. 209–220

Publication type: original article

Language: English

The Effect of Processing Variables on the Mechanical and Release Properties of Tramadol Matrix Tablets Incorporating Cissus Populnea Gum as Controlled Release Excipient

Olutayo Ademola Adeleye1,A,B,C,D,E, Mbang Nyong Femi-Oyewo2,A,C,E,F, Michael Ayodele Odeniyi3,A,C,E,F

1 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria

3 Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background. Natural gums are polymers widely used as excipients in drug formulation. Polymer extraction and formulation processing methods could significantly affect formulation characteristics.
Objectives. To evaluate different methods of gum extraction and the effect of different compression methods on the mechanical and release properties of tramadol hydrochloride matrix tablets incorporating cissus gum as controlled release polymer.
Material and Methods. Water (CW) and acetone (CA) extracts of cissus gum were obtained from Cissus populea stem and two methods – wet granulation and direct compression – were used to compress the tablet and compare it with xanthan gum (X) formulations. Crushing strength and friability were used to assess mechanical properties while dissolution rate were used to assess release properties. Data were analysed using t-test and ANOVA at p < 0.05.
Results. The crushing strength of tramadol tablets has increased together with the increase in polymer concentration in all formulations, while friability has decreased for both methods. Tablets made by wet granulation had higher crushing strength than those made by direct compression method. The release mechanism for both direct compression and wet granulation methods was Fickian and non-Fickian respectively. The rank order for t25, t50 and t75 for all formulations was X > CA > CW. Generally, wet granulation method decreased the rate of tramadol release more than direct compression method, indicating a higher drug retarding ability.
Conclusion. Incorporation of cissus gum controlled the release of tramadol hydrochloride from the matrix tablets. Extraction method and formulation variables influenced mechanical and release properties of the tablets. Cissus gum acetone extract had comparable release properties with xanthan gum and could serve as a cheaper alternative in controlled release tablet formulations.

Key words

tramadol, controlled release, Cissus populnea gum, wet granulation, direct compression

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